The Namibia Qualifications Authority (NQA) has implemented the 10-level Namibian National Qualifications Framework (NNQF), which is a set of principles and guidelines to organize the country's education system and enable national recognition of educational credentials. Credentials on the Framework include Certificates, Diplomas, and degrees. Secondary education qualifications are at levels 3 and 4. Higher education begins with level 5, which represents the first year of an undergraduate degree program. Postgraduate studies begin with Level 9. This short list, which is not all inclusive, includes vocational, secondary, post-secondary, and higher education qualifications to make it easier to see how all of...

In Benin, higher education is available through public universities, private higher education institutions co-signed by the Benin Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, or private higher education institutions approved by the regional accrediting body, Conseil Africain et Malgache pour l'Enseignement Superieur / CAMES (African and Malagasy Council for Higher Education).  Benin does not presently accredit private higher education institutions as a whole; individual programs are submitted to the appropriate educational authorities for review, and only individual programs at private institutions are considered accredited. It is very common for private higher education institutions to offer a combination of accredited and...

When working with credentials from the Philippines, both the institution and the program must be recognized by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to be considered comparable to regional accreditation at Transcript Research. Bachelor, Master, and Doctoral degrees awarded by recognized universities typically also hold programmatic accreditation. Private higher education institutions are required to seek permission from CHED to be able to award degrees and to graduate students from their programs. This is identified by a Special Order Number (SON) that appears on the academic records. The SON identifies that CHED has granted approval for that particular program from that...

In Quebec, Canada, primary and secondary education is comprised of 11 years, consisting of 6 years of primary education and 5 years of secondary studies. Successfully completing grade 11 and the required coursework leads to the Diplome d'Etudes Secondaires (DES). Students who wish to further their education in Quebec, Canada, must continue to a Colleges d'Enseignement General et Professionel (CEGEP), leading to a Diplome d'Etudes Collegiales / DEC (Diploma of College Studies / DCS). The DEC/DCS can be either a 2-year pre-university program which leads to university education in Canada or a 3-year technical program which may lead to employment or...

Switzerland has a long tradition of private higher education institutions. This is particularly true for hotel management schools and business schools. Many private higher education institutions have obtained the EduQua label from the Swiss Federation for Adult Learning (SVEB) or are part of the Swiss Federation of Private Schools, these are not recognized higher education authorities according to the Rector's Conference of Swiss Universities or State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation, or the Swiss Agency of Accreditation and Quality Assurance.Private institutions that are not accredited by the governmental or statutory bodies may only issue private degrees. Private degrees generally do...